Citation, permission, and disclaimer:
Rosenstone, Steven J., Donald R. Kinder, Warren E. Miller, and the National Election Studies. NATIONAL ELECTION STUDIES, 1996: PRE- AND POST-ELECTION STUDY [dataset]. 3rd release. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Center for Political Studies [producer and distributor], 1998.
These materials are based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. : SBR-9707741, SBR-9317631, SES-9209410, SES-9009379, SES-8808361, SES-8341310, SES-8207580, and SOC77-08885.
Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in these materials are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation.
The American National Election Study (ANES) is a large, national probability sample survey of the American electorate in the United States taken during presidential and midterm election years It is time-series study based on nationally-representative samples of the American electorate. NES plans and conducts various studies and provides the resulting datasets, but the substantive analysis is done by the thousands of members of the NES research community. "The election studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. The 1996 National Election Study contains both pre-and post-election components". Many of the same questions are asked on each survey, while other topical questions may change from survey to survey.
This sample survey contains a selection of approximately 100 questions from the survey. The questions have been modified from the original to a wording that is understandable on a self administered survey. To develop an understanding of the survey it is suggested that you answer the questions as if you were being interviewd for the ANES. As you answer the questions use your knowledge from your social science classes and think about possible hypothesis you could test with the data from this study.
| Variable Name (this is used when analyzing the data) [Description of Variable] The question used in the interview Note: On the actual data the following codes may appear |
Take this part of the survey as if you are back in 1996 and the election has not occurred!
-------Pre Test--Given to those selected prior to election. -------
v960066
[Sex]
_______Are you a Male or Female?
1. Male
2. Female
v960067
[Race]
______Identify your racial classification?
1. White
2. Black
3. American indian or Alaskan native
4. Asian or Pacific islander
7. Other
5. NA
v960070
______ How would you rate your general level of information about politics and public affairs
1. Very high
2. Fairly high
3. Average
4. Fairly low
5. Very low
v960076
______Estimate your family's yearly income:
1. <$2999
2. $3.000-4,999
3. $5.000-6,999
4. $7.000-8,999
5. $9.000-9,999
6. $10.000-10,999
7. $11.000-11,999
8. $12.000-12,999
9. $13.000-13,999
10. $14.000-14,999
11. $15.000-16,999
12. $17.000-19,999
13. $20.000-21,999
14. $22.000-24,999
15. $25.000-29,999
16. $30.000-39,99
17. $35,000-39,999
18. $40,000-44,999
19. $45,000-49,999
20. $50,000-59,999
21. $60,000-74,999
22. $75,000 +
v960108
______State in which you were residing at the time of the 1996, election.
1. Alabama
2. Alaska
4. Arizona
5. Arkansas
6. California
8. Colorado
9. Connecticut
10. Delaware
11. Washington DC
12. Florida
13. Georgia
15. Hawaii
14. Idaho
16. Illinois
18. Indiana
19. Iowa
20. Kansas
21. Kentucky
22. Louisiana
23. Maine
24. Maryland
25. Massachusetts
26. Michigan
27. Minnesota
28. Mississippi
29. Missouri
30. Montana
31. Nebraska
32. Nevada
33. New Hampshire
34. New Jersey
35. New Mexico
36. New York
37. North Carolina
38. North Dakota
39. Ohio
40. Oklahoma
41. Oregon
42. Pennsylvania
44. Rhode Island
45. South Carolina
46. South Dakota
47. Tennessee
48. Texas
49. Utah
50. Vermont
51. Virginia
53. Washington
54. West Virginia
55. Wisconsin
56. Wyoming
v960204
______If you voted for president in 1992 who did you vote for?
1. George Bush
2. Bill Clinton
3. Ross Perot
7. Other
v960337
______We are interested in how people are getting along financially these days. Would you say that you (and your family living here) are BETTER off or WORSE off financially than you were a year ago?
1. Better
3. Worse
5. The same
v960369
______Where would you place Bill Clinton on this scale?
1. Extremely liberal
2. Liberal
3. Slightly liberal
4. Moderate, middle of the road
5. Slightly conservative
6. Conservative
7. Extremely conservative
v960204
______If you voted for president in 1992, which one did you vote for?
1. George Bush
2. Bill Clinton
3. Ross Perot
7. Other
| Feeling thermometer: I'd like to get your feelings toward some of our political leaders political parties and other people who are in the news these days. In the list that follows rate that person/party using something we call the feeling thermometer. Ratings between 50 degrees and 100 degrees mean that you feel favorable and warm toward the person/party. Ratings between 0 and 50 degrees mean that you don't feel favorable toward the person/party and that you don't care too much for that person. You would rate the person at the 50 degree mark if you don't feel particularly warm or cold toward the person. If we come to a person whose name you don't recognize, you don't need to rate the person/party. Just skip to the next one. |
v960272
______Bill Clinton?
v960273
______Bob Dole
v960274
______Ross Perpt
v960282
______Pat Buchanan
v960292
______Democratic Party
v960293
______Republican Party
v960297
______Do you approve or disapprove of the way Bill Clinton is handeling the economy?
1. Approve
5. Disapprove
8. Don't Know
v960337
______We are interested in how people are getting along financially these days. Would you say that you (and your family living here) are BETTER off or WORSE off financially than you were a year ago?
1. Better
3. Worse
5. The same
8. Don't know
v960341
______Has BILL CLINTON-- because of the kind of person he is, or because of something he has done -- ever made you feel angry?
1. Yes
5. No
v960365
______Place yourself on the liberal/conservative scale
v960369
______Place Clinton on the liberal/conservative scale
v960371
______Place Dole on the liberal/conservative scale
v960373
______Place Perot on the liberal/conservative scale
v960397
______Which party would do a better job handling the economy
1. Democrats
2. Republicans
3. Wouldn't make much diffirence
v960399
______Which party would do a better job with affordable health care?
1. Democrats
2. Republicans
3. Wouldn't make much diffirence
v960400
______Which party would do a better job with reform welfare?
1. Democrats
2. Republicans
3. Wouldn't make much diffirence
v960404
______Which party would do a better job dealing with crime?
1. Democrats
2. Republicans
3. Wouldn't make much diffirence
v960408
______Which party would be more likely to keep out of war?
1. Democrats
2. Republicans
3. Wouldn't make much diffirence
v960410
______Do you AGREE or DISAGREE with this statement:
"'This country would be better off if we just stayed home and did not concern ourselves with problems in other parts of the world?'
1. Disagree
2. Agree
8. Don't know
v960417
______Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, an Independent, or what?
1. Democrats
2. Republicans
3. Independent
4. Other
5. No preference
8. Don't know
v960420
______Summary of R's party identification, a "better" indicator of political identity [you cannot answer this question it is a composite of severial questions about political identity--you could guess where you woud fit]
0. Strong Democrat
1. Weak Democrat
2. Independent-Democrat
3. Independent-Independent
4. Independent-Republican
5. Weak Republican
6. Strong Republican
8. Apolitical
v960422
______In your opinion does the phrase "he is compassionate" describe Bill Clinton extremely well, quite well, not too well, or not well at all?)
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
8. Don't know
v960423
______In your opinion does the phrase "he is moral" describe Bill Clinton extremely well, quite well, not too well, or not well at all?)
1. Extremely well
2. Quite well
3. Not too well
4. Not well at all
8. Don't know
v960463
______Some people believe that we should spend much less money for defense.Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point 1. Others feel that defense spending should be greatly increased. Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7. And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between at points 2,3,4,5, or 6. Where would you place yourself?
1. Greatly decrease defense spending
2. A
3. |
4. |
5. |
6. V
7. Greatly increase defense spending
0. I haven't thought much about it
v960479
______There is much concern about the rapid rise in medical and hospital costs. Some people feel there should be a government insurance plan which would cover all medical and hospital expenses for everyone. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point 1). Others feel that all medical expenses should be paid by individuals and through private insurance plans like Blue Cross or some other company paid plans. (Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7). And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between at points 2,3,4,5, or 6. Where would you place yourself?
1. Government insurance plan
2. A
3. |
4. |
5. |
6. V
7. Private insurance plan
0. I haven't thought much about it
v960487
______Some people feel that the government in Washington should make every effort to improve the social and economic position of blacks. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point 1.) Others feel that the government should not make any special effort to help blacks because they should help themselves. (Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.) And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between, at points 2,3,4,5, or 6. Where would you place yourself?
1. Government should help blacks
2. A
3. |
4. |
5. |
6. V
7. Blacks should help themselves
0. I haven't thought much about it
v960496
______If you had a say in making up the federal budget this year, would you like to see spending on food stamps________.
1. Increased
2.
3. Kept about the same
7. Cut out entirely
8. Don't know
v960503
______There has been some discussion about abortion during recent years. Which one of the opinions below best agrees with your view?
1. Never permitted
2. Rape, incest, danger only
3. Clear need
4. Always as personal choice
7. Other
8. Don't know
v960506
______There has been some discussion about abortion during recent years. Which one of the opinions below best describes Clinton's position on abortion?
1. Never permitted
2. Rape, incest, danger only
3. Clear need
4. Always as personal choice
7. Other
8. Don't know
v960509
______There has been some discussion about abortion during recent years. Which one of the opinions below best describes Dole's position on abortion?
1. Never permitted
2. Rape, incest, danger only
3. Clear need
4. Always as personal choice
7. Other
8. Don't know
v960519
______Some people say that the best way to reduce crime is to address the social problems that cause crime, like bad schools, poverty and joblessness. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point 1.) Other people say the best way to reduce crime is to make sure that criminals are caught, convicted and punished. (Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.) And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between at points 2,3,4,5 or 6. Where does your opinion on reduction of crime fit?
1. Social problems that cause crime, like bad schools, poverty, and joblessness
2. A
3. |
4. |
5. |
6. V
7. Social problems that cause crime, like bad schools, poverty, and joblessness
0. I haven't thought much about it
v960537
______Some people think we need much tougher government regulations on business in order to protect the environmnt. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point 1.) Others think that current regulation to protect the environment are already too much of a burden on business. (Suppose these people are at the other end of the scale, a point number 7.) And, of course, some other people have opinions somewhere in between at points 2,3,4,5 or 6. Where would you place YOURSELF on this scale, or haven't you thought much
about this?
1 Tougher regulations on business needed to protect the environment
2 A
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 V
7 Regulations to protect environment already too much of a burden on business
0 Haven't thought much about it
8 DK
v960543
______Recently there was been a lot of talk about women's rights. Some people feel that women should have an equal role with men in running business, industry, and government. (Suppose these people are at one end of a scale, at point 1.) Others feel that a woman's place is in the home. (Suppose these people are at the other end, at point 7.) And, of course, some other people have opinion somewhere in between, at points 2,3,4,5 or 6. Where would you place YOURSELF on this scale, or haven't you thought much
about this?
1 Women and men should have equal roles
2 A
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 V
7 Regulations to protect environment already too much of a burden on business
0 Haven't thought much about it
8 DK
v960548
______Who do you think you will vote for in the election for President?
1. Bill Clinton
2. Bob Dole
3. Ross Perot
5. none
7. Other
8. DK
Here are some questions about Federal spending. If you had a say in making up the federal budget this year, for which of the following programs would you like to see spending INCREASED and for which would you like to see spending DECREASED.
v960560
______Should Federal spending on SOCIAL SECURITY be INCREASED, DECREASED, or KEPT ABOUT THE SAME?
1 Increased
2
3 Kept about the same
7 Cut out entirely (VOL)
8 DK
v960561
______Spending on environmental protection should be increased or decreased?
1 Increased
2
3 Kept about the same
7 Cut out entirely (VOL)
8 DK
v960562
______Spending on public schools should be increased or decreased?
1 Increased
2
3 Kept about the same
7 Cut out entirely (VOL)
8 DK
v960563
______Spending on crime reduction should be increased or decreased?
1 Increased
2
3 Kept about the same
7 Cut out entirely (VOL)
8 DK
v960564
______Spending on child care should be increased or decreased?
1 Increased
2
3 Kept about the same
7 Cut out entirely (VOL)
8 DK
v960565
______Spending on poor people should be increased or decreased?
1 Increased
2
3 Kept about the same
7 Cut out entirely (VOL)
8 DK
v960566
______How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right--JUST ABOUT ALWAYS, MOST OF THE TIME, or ONLY SOME OF
THE TIME?
1 Just about always
2 Most of the time
3 Only some of the time
7 None of the time (VOL)
8 DK
v960573
______Outside of attending religious services, do you pray SEVERAL TIMES A DAY, ONCE A DAY, A FEW TIMES A WEEK, ONCE A WEEK OR LESS or NEVER?
1 Several times a day
2 Once a day
3 A few times a week
4 Once a week or less
5 Never
8 DK
v960574
______Outside of attending religious services, do you read the Bible SEVERAL TIMES A DAY, ONCE A DAY, A FEW TIMES A WEEK, ONCE A WEEK OR LESS or NEVER?
1Several times a day
2 Once a day
3 A few times a week
4 Once a week or less
5 Never
8 DK
v960575
______Which of these statements comes closest to describing your feelings about the Bible?
1 Bible is actual word of God
2 Bible is word of God, but not literally
3 Bible is not the word of God
7 Other (specify) (VOL)
8 DK
v960578
______Do you go to religious services EVERY WEEK, ALMOST EVERY WEEK, ONCE OR TWICE A MONTH, A FEW TIMES A YEAR, OR NEVER?
1 Every week
2 Almost every week
3 Once or twice a month
4 A few times a year
5 Never
8 DK
v960581
______Do you mostly attend a place of worship that is PROTESTANT, ROMAN CATHOLIC, JEWISH, or what?
1 Protestant
2 Roman Catholic
3 Jewish
7 Other
8 DK
v960582
______IF YOU DO NOT ATTEND RELIGIOUS SERVICES BUT THINKS OF SELF AS PART OF CHURCH OR DENOMINATION: Do you consider yourself PROTESTANT, ROMAN CATHOLIC, JEWISH, or what?
1 Protestant
2 Roman Catholic
3 Jewish
7 Other
8 DK
v960583
______IF R ATTENDS SERVICES AS PROTESTANT 'OTHER': What church or denomination is that?
1 Baptist
2 Episcopalian/Anglican/Church of England
3 Lutheran
4 Methodist
5 'Just Protestant'
6 Presbyterian
7 Reformed
8 Brethren
9 Evangelical United Brethren
10 'Christian' or 'just Christian'
11 Christian Scientist
12 Church (or Churches) of Christ
13 United Church of Christ
14 Disciples of Christ
15 Church of God
16 Assembly of God
17 Congregationalist
18 Holiness
19 Pentacostal
20 Friends, Quaker
21 Orthodox, e.g. Greek, Russian (specify)
22 Non-denominational-- protestant
23 Mormons
24 Jehovah's Witnesses
25 Latter Day Saints
26 Unitarian/Universalist
27 Buddhist
28 Hindu
29 Muslim/Islam
30 Native American
97 Other (specify)
v960600
______Which one of these words BEST describes your kind of Christianity?
1 Fundamentalist,
2 Evangelical,
3 Charismatic or Spirit-Filled,
4 Moderate to Liberal?
v960601
______Would you call yourself a born-again Christian, that is, have you personally had a conversion experience related to Jesus Christ?
1 Yes
2 No
8 DK
--------------------------PERSONAL DATA------------------------------
v960603
______What is the month of your birth?
v960604
______What is the year of your birth?
v960605
______What is your age?
v960606
______Are you married now and living with your (husband/wife)--or are you widowed, divorced, separated, or have you never married?
1 Married
2 Widowed
3 Divorced
4 Separated
5 Never married
6 Partners, not married (VOL)
v960607
______What is the highest grade of school or year of college you have completed?
v960608
______IF YOU COMPLETED FEWER THAN 13 YEARS OF
EDUCATION: Did you get a high school diploma or pass a high school equivalency test?
1 Yes
2 No
v960609
______IF YOU HAVE COMPLETED MORE THAN 12 YEARS OF EDUCATION: What is the highest degree that you have earned?
1 Bachelor's degree
2 Master's degree
3 PHD, LIT, SCD, DFA, DLIT, DPH, DPHIL, JSC, SJD
4 LLB, JD
5 MD, DDS, DVM, MVSA, DSC, DO
6 JSC, STD, THD
7 Associate degree (AA)
96 No degree earned
v960611
______What is the highest grade of school or year of college (your husband/your wife/your partner) has completed?
v960612
______IF SPOUSE/PARTNER HAS COMPLETED FEWER THAN 13 YEARS OF EDUCATION: Did your (your husband/your wife/your partner) get a high school diploma or pass a high school equivalency test?
1 Yes
2 No
v960613
______IF YOUR (your husband/your wife/your partner) HAS COMPLETED MORE THAN 12 YEARS OF EDUCATION: What is the highest degree that (your husband/your wife/your partner) has earned?
1 Bachelor's degree
2 Master's degree
3 PHD, LIT, SCD, DFA, DLIT, DPH, DPHIL, JSC, SJD
4 LLB, JD
5 MD, DDS, DVM, MVSA, DSC, DO
6 JSC, STD, THD
7 Associate degree (AA)
96 No degree earned
v960616
______We'd like to know if YOU are working now, temporarily laid off, or are you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, a homemaker, a student, or what? (MARK ALL THAT APPLY)
1 R WORKING NOW, (working now only or working 20 hours or more per week if also retired, permanently disabled, homemaker or student) (10, 15-18 in Y6)
2 R TEMPORARILY LAID OFF (20 in Y6)
4 R UNEMPLOYED (40 in Y6)
5 R RETIRED, not working or working fewer than 20 hours per week (50, 51 in Y6)
6 R PERMANENTLY DISABLED, not working or working fewer than 20 hours per week (60,61 in Y6)
7 R HOMEMAKER, not working or working fewer than 20 hours per week (also nonworking Rs who are both student and homemaker)
8 R STUDENT, not working or working fewer than 20 hours per week (80,81 in Y6)
v960622
______Did you work for someone else, were you self-employed, or what?
1 Someone else
2 Both someone else and self
3 Self employed
v960687
______We'd like to know if YOU are working now, temporarily laid off, or are you unemployed, retired, permanently disabled, a homemaker, a student, or what? (MARK ALL THAT APPLY)
1 SPOUSE/PARTNER WORKING NOW (may also be homemaker and/or student)
2 SPOUSE/PARTNER TEMPORARILY LAID OFF
4 SPOUSE/PARTNER UNEMPLOYED
5 SPOUSE/PARTNER RETIRED (may also be working)
6 SPOUSE/PARTNER PERMANENTLY DISABLED (may also be working)
7 SPOUSE/PARTNER HOMEMAKER, not working
8 SPOUSE/PARTNER STUDENT, not working
v960701 ----What is the diffirence between this item and 960076?
______Tell me the letter of the income group that includes the income of all members of your family living here in 1995
before taxes. This figure should include salaries, wages, pensions, dividends, interest, and all other income. [IF UNCERTAIN: What would be your best guess?]
1 A. None or less than $2,999
2 B. $3,000-$4,999
3 C. $5,000-$6,999
4 D. $7,000-$8,999
5 E. $9,000-$9,999
6. F. $10,000-$10,999
7 G. $11,000-$11,999
8 H. $12,000-$12,999
9 J. $13,000-$13,999
10 K. $14,000-$14.999
11 M. $15,000-$16,999
12 N. $17,000-$19,999
13 P. $20,000-$21,999
14 Q. $22,000-$24,999
15 R. $25,000-$29,999
16 S. $30,000-$34,999
17 T. $35,000-$39,999
18 U. $40,000-$44,999
19 V. $45,000-$49,999
20 W. $50,000-$59,999
21 X. $60,000-$74,999
22 Z. $75,000-89,999
23 AA. $90,000-$104,999
24 BB. $105,000 and over
98 DK
v960707
______Were both your parents born in this country?
1 Yes
5 No
8 Dont' Know
v960714
______Do you/ Does your family own your home, pay rent, or what?
1 Own house
2 Pay rent
7 Other (specify)_______________
-------Post Test--Given after the election-------
Take this part of the survey as if you are back in 1996 and the election has just occurred!
| Feeling thermometer: I'd like to get your feelings toward some of our political leaders political parties and other people who are in the news these days. In the list that follows rate that person/party using something we call the feeling thermometer. Ratings between 50 degrees and 100 degrees mean that you feel favorable and warm toward the person/party. Ratings between 0 and 50 degrees mean that you don't feel favorable toward the person/party and that you don't care too much for that person. You would rate the person at the 50 degree mark if you don't feel particularly warm or cold toward the person. If we come to a person whose name you don't recognize, you dn't need to rate the person/party. Just tell me and we'll move on to the next one. |
v961006
______Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates for Congress -- that is, for the House of Representatives in Washington -- who ran in the November election from this district?
1 Yes
5 No
8 Don't Know
v961075
______Were you registered to vote in this election?
1. Yes
5. No
8. Don't Know
v961082
______Which presidential candidate did you vote for?
1. Bill Clinton
3. Bob Dole
5. Ross Perot
7. Other
v961089
______IF R VOTED FOR CANDIDATE FOR HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES: Who did you vote for?
1. Democratic candidate
2. Republican candidate
4. Third party/independent candidate
v961093
______IF R VOTED FOR CANDIDATE FOR SENATE: Who did you vote for?
1. Democratic candidate
2. Republican candidate
4. Third party/independent candidate
v961099
______If you did not vote which candidate did you prefer?
1. Bill Clinton
3. Bob Dole
5. Ross Perot
7. Other
